Speaking Unit 2: Cultural diversity Đa dạng văn hóa

Bài viết hướng dẫn cách xây dựng bài nói về chủ đề đa dạng văn hóa, cung cấp các từ vựng cũng như cấu trúc cần lưu ý và hướng dẫn giải bài tập để bạn học tham khảo, phục vụ cho việc học trên lớp và các bài kiểm tra.

I. Từ vựng

generation [,dʒenə'rei∫n] (n): thế hệ
roof (n): mái nhà
nursing house (n): viện dưỡng lão
typical ['tipikl] (adj): điển hình
feature ['fi:t∫ə] (n): nét đặc biệt, nét đặc trưng
groceries ['grousəriz] : hàng tạp phẩm
income ['iηkʌm] (n): thu nhập

II.Cấu trúc cần lưu ý

point of view (n): quan điểm
to lead an independent life (v): sống cuộc sống tự lập
to hold hands: nắm tay
to be based on: dựa vào

III. Hướng dẫn giải bài tập:

Task 1: Work in pairs. Express your point of view upon the following ideas, using the words or expressions in the box.

(Làm việc từng đôi. Trình bày quan điểm của em về những ý tưởng sau, dùng những từ hay cụm từ trong khung.)

In Vietnam, three or four generations living together in a home: Ở Việt Nam, ba hay bốn thế hệ sống chung một nhà
A happy marriage should be based on love: Một cuộc hôn nhân hạnh phúc nên có nền tảng tình yêu
In some Asian countries, love is supposed to follow the marriage, not precede it.: Ở một vài nước châu Á, tình yêu đến sau hôn nhân, không phải trước.
In some countries, a man and a woman may hold hands and kissing each other in public: Ở một vài nước, một người đàn ông và một người phụ nữ có thể sẽ nắm tay và hôn nhau ở nơi công cộng.

Các cụm từ được gợi ý sử dụng

I think/feel/believe...: Tôi nghĩ/cảm thấy/tin rằng
In my opinion,...: Theo quan điể của tôi
For me...: Với tôi
I don't agree: Tôi không đồng ý
It's not true: Điều không đúng
That's wrong: đó là sai

Gợi ý cách đưa ý kiến:

A. I think it's a good idea to have three or four generations living together under one roof. They can help one another a lot.
B. I don't agree. It's been said there's a “generation Hap” between the old and the young. Therefore, there may usually be conflicts among family members. In some countries, specially in developing countries, old-aeed people like to live in a nursing homes, where they can lead independent lives.

C. In my opinion, it's obvious a happy marriage should be based on love, the true love, because love is the prerequisite for the family happiness. Only the true love can bring about forgiveness and sacrifice.
D. That's true. It’s love that joins a man with a woman together.

E: I don’t think it's a good idea that love can be supposed to follow the marriage. It's an obsolete thought. Everyone should have a right to make decisions for his / her own, especially the one relating to his /her personal life. In the other hand, he / she determines and chooses his / her spouse freely. We love something whenever we know and understand it well. The more we know (something), the more we like (it).
F: That’s my thought, too. A happy marriage should he built on love.

G: I think it's OK. Holding one's hands is a way to express one’s feelings or love, especially the intimacy.
H: I agree with you. How about kissing each other in public?
G: Personally, it’s not our traditional culture. Our personal feelings may not be performed in public. I mean in front of other people, except for appropriate or necessary circumstances.

Task 2: Below are some typical features of the American culture. Work in pairs. Discuss and find out the corresponding features of the Vietnamese culture.

(Dưới đây là một vài điểm đặc trưng của Văn hóa Mĩ. Làm việc từng đôi, thảo luận và tìm những đặc điểm tương ứng của văn hóa Việt Nam.)

American	Vietnamese
Two generations (parents and children) live in a home	Two or more generations can live in a home.
Old-aged parents live in nursing homes.	Old-aged parents often live with their children.
It is not polite lo ask questions about age, marriage and income.	It's a common mailer in Viet Nam, but now under the influence of Western culture, some people abide this rule, too.
Americans can greet anyone in the family first.	Usually the inferior must greet the superior first.
Groceries are bought once a week.	Groceries can be bought at any time when necessary.
Christmas and New Year holidays are the most important.	Only New Year (Lunar New Year-Tet) holidays are the most importanit.
Americans celebrate birthdays and give presents at birthday parties.	Now this custom is also done in Vietnamese families, but usually in rich or young ones. Most Vietnamese people celebrate parents' or grandparents' death anniversay.
Children sleep in their own rooms.	Small children usually sleep with their parents, but older children sleep in their own room.

Task 3: Work in groups. Talk about the similarities and differences between Vietnamese and American cultures, using the features discussed in Task 1.

(Làm việc từng nhóm. Thảo luận những điểm tương tự và khác biệt giữa văn hóa Việt Nam và văn hóa Mĩ, dùng những đặc điềm được thảo luận ờ Task 1.)

Gợi ý cách trả lời:

I think that a happy marriage should be based on love, because most people who love each other will truely respect their marriage. They are willingly to live each other and want to have a sustainable relationship.
I do not agree that love is supposed to following marriage, because not everyone who marry to each other will have love then, and if they fall in love with another person, it will easily lead to divorce.
In my opinion, Hold hands and kiss in public is suitable or not depends on different culture. But the important is we should respect the culture of each country and follow it.