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• Living place (homes or villages):

Thai people mainly live in the provinces of Hoa Binh, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Son La, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An. The migration process since the early 1990s has expanded their habitation areas to other regions, including the Central Highlands.

• Economy

Thai people’s agriculture is based on wet rice and other crops such as soybean, maize, sweet potato and cassava. Thai people have applied science and technology to agricultural production to bring higher economic benefits. Their agricultural production is increasingly market-oriented instead of subsistence farming.

Animal husbandry: mainly pigs, water buffalos, goats and silkworms. Free-range farming is no longer the main form of animal husbandry and has been replaced by caged animal farming. In addition, Thai people have other crafts such as fabric weaving and rattan and bamboo weaving.

Today, in the general trend of development, income from non-agricultural activities such as tourism services and trading are growing thanks to improvements in transport, market demand and the State policy.

• Traditional culture

Traditional social institution: “ban muong” institution, a pre-state organisation form, marking the high development level of the Thai society.

Religion and belief: Thai people worship ancestors, agriculture gods, and mountain and river gods. The worship is associated with festivals around the year such as the ploughing festival, the festival to pray for rain, the rice soul procession festival, the festival to pray for good harvests, the new rice festival. The wedding and funeral ceremonies follow traditional customs.