GRAMMAR REFERENCE

Identify the causes and consequences

C. In pairs, identify the causes and consequences of each problem and add them to your mind map. Then, join another pair and discuss possible solutions for the problems. What can local people do? What actions will help solve the problem or improve the situation?

(Làm theo cặp, xác định nguyên nhân và hậu quả của từng vấn đề và thêm chúng vào sơ đồ tư duy của bạn. Sau đó, tham gia một cặp khác và thảo luận các giải pháp khả thi cho các vấn đề. Người dân địa phương có thể làm gì? Những hành động nào sẽ giúp giải quyết vấn đề hoặc cải thiện tình hình?)

Air pollution:

Causes: Industrial and vehicular emissions, burning of fossil fuels, forest fires, agricultural activities, etc.
Consequences: Respiratory diseases, reduced visibility, acid rain, ozone depletion, global warming, etc.
Solutions: Using cleaner fuels and energy sources, reducing industrial emissions, improving public transportation, promoting cycling and walking, planting more trees, etc.

Water pollution:

Causes: Industrial waste, sewage and agricultural runoff, oil spills, plastic waste, etc.
Consequences: Waterborne diseases, loss of aquatic life, contaminated food, reduced tourism, etc.
Solutions: Proper waste management, reducing plastic usage, treating and recycling wastewater, regulating industrial discharge, enforcing laws and regulations, etc.

Deforestation:

Causes: Agricultural expansion, logging, mining, urbanization, etc.
Consequences: Loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, climate change, disruption of local communities, etc.
Solutions: Promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry practices, using alternative sources of fuel and energy, protecting forests and wildlife reserves, enforcing laws and regulations, etc.

Soil erosion:

Causes: Deforestation, overgrazing, improper land use, mining, etc.
Consequences: Reduced soil fertility, decreased agricultural productivity, desertification, sedimentation of waterways, etc.
Solutions: Implementing sustainable land management practices, reforestation, conservation agriculture, terracing and contouring, etc.

Loss of biodiversity:

Causes: Habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change, etc.
Consequences: Reduced ecosystem services, loss of medicinal plants, reduced tourism, etc.
Solutions: Protecting and restoring habitats, reducing pollution and overexploitation, controlling invasive species, promoting sustainable tourism, etc.

Climate change:

Causes: Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial activities, transportation, etc.
Consequences: Rising sea levels, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, food and water insecurity, etc.
Solutions: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, implementing carbon capture and storage technologies, etc.

Illegal wildlife trade:

Causes: High demand for exotic pets, traditional medicines, and animal products, weak law enforcement, poverty, etc.
Consequences: Decline in wildlife populations, loss of biodiversity, increased risk of zoonotic diseases, etc.
Solutions: Strengthening law enforcement, promoting sustainable livelihoods for local communities, raising public awareness, reducing demand for wildlife products, etc.

Plastic waste:

Causes: Improper waste management, single-use plastics, excessive packaging, etc.
Consequences: Pollution of waterways and oceans, harm to wildlife, microplastic contamination of food and water, etc.
Solutions: Reducing plastic usage, promoting recycling and proper waste management, banning single-use plastics, enforcing laws and regulations, etc.

Overfishing:

Causes: Unsustainable fishing practices, illegal fishing, overcapacity of fishing fleets, etc.
Consequences: Decline in fish populations, loss of biodiversity, food insecurity, job loss for fishermen, etc.
Solutions: Implementing sustainable fishing practices, reducing fishing capacity, enforcing fishing regulations, promoting aquaculture, etc.

Land degradation:

Causes: Unsustainable land use practices, overgrazing, deforestation, soil erosion, etc.
Consequences: Reduced agricultural productivity, loss of biodiversity, desertification, increased frequency of natural disasters, etc.
Solutions: Implementing sustainable land management practices, promoting reforestation and afforestation, reducing overgrazing, regulating land use, etc.

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