Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

Question 1:

• a. comprise

• b. sandy
• c. circle
• d. northern

Question 2:

• a. Aborigines
• b. expedition

• c. kilometer

• d. scientific

Question 3:

• a. corridor

• b. enormous

• c. mystery
• d. separate

Question 4:

• a. remain

• b. hummock

• c. explore
• d. between

Question 5:

• a. territory

• b. Australia
• c. geography
• d. society

Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.

Question 6: _____ sand covers only about 20 percent of Earth’s deserts.

• a. A
• b. An
• c. The

• d. Ø

Question 7: Deserts have ______ reputation for supporting very little life, but in ______ reality deserts often have high biodiversity.

• a. a / Ø

• b. the / the
• c. a / the
• d. the / a

Question 8: The hill was so _____ that it took us more than five hours to climb up.

• a. sloping

• b. enormous
• c. arid
• d. stable

Question 9: In the northern part of the Simpson Desert, the dunes are parallel.

• a. mysterious
• b. steep
• c. plenty of sand

• d. similar in some ways

Question 10: Several deserts are a quite vast and uninhabited ______.

• a. plain

• b. territory

• c. corridor
• d. shrub

Question 11: A _____ is a large animal that lives in deserts and 1s used for carrying goods and people.

• a. slope
• b. dune
• c. spinifex

• d. camel

Question 12: The _____ of a cliff, or mountain, ‘5 a vertical surface or side of it.

• a. face

• b. border
• c. crest
• d. lake

Question 13: Most deserts are enormous sandy areas.

• a. mysterious
• b. narrow

• c. immense

• d. aerial

Question 14: Camels were often used _____ transportation by people of the desert.

• a. as

• b. with
• c. to
• d. about

Question 15: Camels have one or two humps used _____ storing water and food.

• a. to

• b. for

• c. over
• d. at

Question 16: Many tall and wide mountain ranges do not let much rain get _____ the desert.

• a. into

• b. away
• c. out
• d. from

Question 17: I wanted to go a more _____ route across Montana.

• a. north

• b. northerly

• c. northerner
• d. northernmost

Question 18: We often enjoy walking barefoot across the damp ______ to the water’s edge.

• a. sand

• b. sanding
• c. sandy
• d. sandily

Question 19: If the deserts are _____ managed, there may be troubles for scientific expeditions.

• a. loose
• b. loosen
• c. loosening

• d. loosely

Question 20: He told me not to do it; ______ I did it.

• a. Therefore
• b. So
• c. But

• d. However

Question 21: We have not yet won; ______, we will keep trying.

• a. moreover

• b. however

• c. therefore
• d. so.as

Question 22: I am afraid that the company is in deep trouble. _____, we are going to make some people redundant.

• a. Therefore

• b. However
• c. But
• d. And

Question 23: I wanted to give him some money after he helped me with the car ______ he absolutely refused to accept it. 

• a. so

• b. but

• c. therefore
• d. and so 

Question 24: Everyone is ready for the discussion, _____ him.

• a. however

• b. but

• c. so
• d. therefore

Question 25: ______ she could not say anything. 

• a. So upset was she that

• b. So upset was she
• c. However upset was she that
• d. Therefore upset was she that

Question 26: Do it _______.

• a. so do you want
• b. but as you want

• c. however you want

• d. therefore you want 

Question 27. ______ you prepare for the exam, there will still be a few questions on which you won’t be sure of the answer.

• a. So much as
• b. Much but

• c. However much

• d. So much

Question 28: The first part of the test was easy; the second, ______, took hours.

• a. therefore
• b. but
• c. so

• d. however

Question 29. _____, | cannot keep pace with Johnny. 

• a. So I have tried hard
• b. I have tried hard so ay
• c. However hard have I tried

• d. However hard I have tried 

Question 30: He has done nothing to prepare for the final examination, _____ played.

• a. but

• b. so
• c. therefore
• d. and 

Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

Question 31: Slippery as the roads were, they managed to complete the race.

• a. The roads were so slippery that they could hardly complete the race.

• b. The roads were slippery but they managed to complete the race.

• c. The roads were slippery so they could hardly complete the race.
• d. The roads were so slippery, therefore, they could hardly complete the race.

Question 32: They decided to go for a picnic though it was very cold.

• a. Because it was very cold, they decided to go for a picnic.

• b. However cold it was, they decideed to go for a picnic

• c. If it had been cold, they would not have gone for a picnic.
• d. It was very cold so they decided to go for a picnic.

Question 33. Both Peter and Mary enjoy scientific expedition.

• a. It is not Peter, but Mary, that enjoys scientific expedition.
• b. Peter enjoys scientific expedition. Therefore, does Mary.
• c. However Peter enjoys scientific expedition, and Mary does.

• d. Peter enjoys scientific expedition, and so does Mary.

Question 34: Because it was an interesting novel, I stayed up all night to finish it.

• a. I stayed up all night to finish the novel, therefore, it was interesting.
• b. Unless it were an interesting novel, I would stay up all night to finish it.
• c. Though it was an interesting novel, I stayed up all night to finish it.

• d. So interesting was the novel that I stayed up all night to finish it.

Question 35: He cannot afford a new computer.

• a. The new computer is so expensive that he cannot buy it.

• b. Therefore, he would buy a new computer.
• c. So, he would buy a new computer.
• d. The new computer is so expensive but he can buy it.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

A desert is a hostile, potentially deadly environment for unprepared humans. In hot deserts, high temperatures cause rapid loss of water due to sweating, and the absence of water sources with which to replenish it can result in dehydration and death within a few days. In addition, unprotected humans are also at risk from heatstroke.

Humans may also have to adapt to sandstorms +n some deserts, not just in their adverse effects on respiratory systems and eyes, but also in their potentially harmful effects on equipment such as filters, vehicles and communication equipment. Sandstorms can last for hours, sometimes even days.

Despite this, some cultures have made hot deserts their home for thousands of years, including the Bedouin, Tuareg tribe, and Pueblo people. Modern technology, including advanced irrigation systems, desalinization and air conditioning, has made deserts much more hospitable. In the United States and Israel for example, desert farming has found extensive use.

In cold deserts, hypothermia and frostbite are the chief hazards, as well as dehydration in the absence of a source of heat to melt ice for drinking. Falling through pack-ice or surface ice layers into freezing water 1s a particular danger requiring emergency action to prevent rapid hypothermia. Starvation is also a hazard; in low temperatures the body requires much more food energy to maintain body heat and to move. As with hot deserts, some people such as the Inuit have adapted to the harsh conditions of cold deserts.

Question 36: The text is about ______.

• a. troubles that human beings have to face in a desert

• b. desert storms and desert inhabitants
• c. hot deserts and cold deserts in the United States
• d. desert hospitality and environment

Question 37: Which is not a problem for an unprepared man in a hot desert?

• a. sandstorm
• b. loss of water

• c. irrigation

• d. heatstroke

Question 38: Sandstorms ______.

• a. do no harm to machinery
• b. have effects only on the eyes
• c. never lasts more than one hour

• d. have bad effects on both human beings and machinery

Question 39: Which sentence is true?

• a. No one can survive in both hot and cold deserts.

• b. Modern technology makes deserts more hospitable.

• c. In the United States, all deserts are quite uninhabited.
• d. There are no deserts in Israel.

Question 40: Which is not a problem in cold deserts?

• a. Starvation
• b. Hypothermia
• c. Frostbite

• d. Body heat

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. 

The Middle East and North Africa are one of the driest region on earth, Nearly two-thirds of the region is desert. The Sahara Desert of northern Africa is the largest desert in the world.

Desert air (Question 41) ______ little moisture, so few clouds form over the land. Without clouds to block the sun, temperatures may reach as (Qu estion42) _____ as 125°F during the day. At night, without the clouds to contain the heat, the temperature can fall to as low as 125°F.

Extreme temperatures (Question 43) _____ with little rainfall make desert life difficult for people, plants, and animals. (Question 44) ____, some life forms have adapted to even the most severe desert (Question 45) ____. Camels are able to survive long periods without food or water. Many desert plants have long, shallow (Question46) _____ systems. This allows the plants to reach out to collect water over great distances. Other desert plants have taproots. Taproots grow very deep (Question 47) _____ they can tap sources of underground water. Plant life in the desert is usually spread out over great distances. This is (Question 48) _____ deserts are often described as barren, or lifeless. 

When many people think of a desert they often think of endless miles of hot sand, but a desert does not have to be hot or sandy. Most of the land of the Middle East and North Africa is hot, dry desert land, (Question 49) _____ some deserts look very different. Most of Antarctica is a desert but there is no sand on the continent and the climate of Antarctica is (Question 50) _____ coldest on earth.

Question 41:

• a. contains

• b. comprises
• c. consists
• d. includes 

Question 42:

• a. much
• b. far
• c. long

• d. high 

Question 43:

• a. located

• b. combined

• c. explored
• d. separated 

Question 44:

• a. Therefore
• b. So

• c. However

• d. But he

Question 45:

• a. environment

• b. place
• c. society
• d. atmosphere

Question 46:

• a. leave
• b. bark

• c. root

• d. branch 

Question 47:

• a. as
• b. because
• c. but

• d. so as

Question 48:

• a. what

• b. why

• c. how
• d. when 

Question 49:

• a. since
• b. as
• c. so

• d. but 

Question 50:

• a. a
• b. an

• c. the

• d. Ø